Everything about The Second War Against Napoleon totally explained
The
Second War against Napoleon was the second involvement by
Sweden in the
Napoleonic Wars.
On
January 9 1812, French troops occupied
Swedish Pomerania to end the illegal trade with
England from
Sweden. The Swedish administration was replaced by a French one, the Swedish estates were confiscated and Swedish officers and soldiers were taken as
prisoners of war in
Wolgast and
Stralsund. In response,
Sweden declared neutrality in the British-French war and signed a secrete Treaty of Petersburg with
Russia against
France and
Denmark on
April 5 1812. On
July 18 1812, the peace
treaty of Orebro ended the war between the
United Kingdom on one side and
Russia and
Sweden form the other. On
March 3 1813, the Swedish-British treaty of alliance was signed.
Great Britain agreed to
Sweden's demands on
Norway. Sweden declared War against
France, thereby joining the
Sixth Coalition, and against
Denmark on
March 24,
1813. In April,
Prussia gave its support for Sweden's territorial demands in Norway.
On
May 18 1813, Swedish army under Prince
Charles John (former Marshal Bernadotte) landed into
Pomerania to take a part in the war against
Napoleon. Prince Karl Johan was given command of the Northern Army of the Coalition. He had victories over French troops at
Grossbeeren (
August 23) and
Dennewitz (
September 6) and took part in a bloody
battle of Leipzig (
October 16) effectively avoiding too much causalities among the Swedes.
In December
1813, the Swedish army attacked
Danish troops in
Holstein. General Skjuldebrand defeated the Danes at
Bornhoeved on
December 7 1813. Three days later the
Danish Auxiliary Corps had a victory over the
Swedes at
Sehested near
Rendsborg, however, that couldn't change the course of war. On
January 14 1814,
Treaty of Kiel was concluded between
Sweden and
Denmark. Denmark ceded
Norway to Karl Johan, who invaded the country on
May 29 1814, the Norwegians established their own constitution and fought the Swedish forces until the Swedes accepted Norway becoming a union partner in the negotiations
Convention of Moss joining the two countries.
The fiat
Treaty of Paris signed by the Allies and France ended the
War of the Seventh Coalition and Sweden’s second war against Napoleon on
May 30,
1814.
Upon acceding to the coalition the
United Kingdom ceded the island of
Guadeloupe to Sweden, which by the Treaty of Paris was replaced by a financial settlement that gave rise to the
Guadeloupe Fund.
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